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Artificial Lighting as a Vector Attractant and Cause of Disease Diffusion

机译:人工照明作为媒介吸引物和疾病扩散的原因

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摘要

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, epidemiologists have considered electrification to be a positive factor. In fact, electrification and plumbing are typical initiatives that represent the integration of an isolated population into modern society, ensuring the control of pathogens and promoting public health. Nonetheless, electrification is always accompanied by night lighting that attracts insect vectors and changes people's behavior. Although this may lead to new modes of infection and increased transmission of insect-borne diseases, epidemiologists rarely consider the role of night lighting in their surveys. OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the epidemiological evidence concerning the role of lighting in the spread of vector-borne diseases to encourage other researchers to consider it in future studies. DISCUSSION: We present three infectious vector-borne diseases-Chagas, leishmaniasis, and malaria-and discuss evidence that suggests that the use of artificial lighting results in behavioral changes among human populations and changes in the prevalence of vector species and in the modes of transmission. CONCLUSION: Despite a surprising lack of studies, existing evidence supports our hypothesis that artificial lighting leads to a higher risk of infection from vector-borne diseases. We believe that this is related not only to the simple attraction of traditional vectors to light sources but also to changes in the behavior of both humans and insects that result in new modes of disease transmission. Considering the ongoing expansion of night lighting in developing countries, additional research on this subject is urgently needed.
机译:背景:传统上,流行病学家认为电气化是一个积极因素。实际上,电气化和管道工程是代表孤立的人口融入现代社会,确保对病原体的控制和促进公共卫生的典型举措。尽管如此,电气化总是伴随着夜间照明,该夜间照明吸引昆虫媒介并改变人们的行为。尽管这可能导致新的感染方式并增加昆虫传播疾病的传播,但流行病学家很少在他们的调查中考虑夜间照明的作用。目的:我们回顾了有关照明在媒介传播疾病传播中的作用的流行病学证据,以鼓励其他研究人员在以后的研究中考虑照明。讨论:我们介绍了三种传染媒介传播的疾病,即恰加斯,利什曼病和疟疾,并讨论了证据表明使用人工照明会导致人类行为改变,媒介物种的流行和传播方式的改变。 。结论:尽管缺乏令人惊讶的研究,现有证据支持我们的假说,即人工照明导致媒介传播疾病感染的风险更高。我们认为,这不仅与传统载体对光源的简单吸引有关,而且与人类和昆虫行为的变化(导致新的疾病传播方式)有关。考虑到发展中国家夜间照明的不断发展,迫切需要对此进行更多研究。

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