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Traditional medicines and globalization: Current and future perspectives in ethnopharmacology (Review)

机译:传统药物与全球化:民族药理学的当前和未来观点(综述)

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摘要

The ethnopharmacological approach toward the understanding and appraisal of traditional and herbal medicines is characterized by the inclusions of the social as well as the natural sciences. Anthropological field-observations describing the local use of nature-derived medicines are the basis for ethnopharmacological enquiries. The multidisciplinary scientific validation of indigenous drugs is of relevance to modern societies at large and helps to sustain local health care practices. Especially with respect to therapies related to aging related, chronic and infectious diseases traditional medicines offer promising alternatives to biomedicine. Bioassays applied in ethnopharmacology represent the molecular characteristics and complexities of the disease or symptoms for which an indigenous drug is used in "traditional" medicine to variable depth and extent. One-dimensional in vitro approaches rarely cope with the complexity of human diseases and ignore the concept of polypharmacological synergies. The recent focus on holistic approaches and systems biology in medicinal plant research represents the trend toward the description and the understanding of complex multi-parameter systems. Ethnopharmacopoeias are non-static cultural constructs shaped by belief and knowledge systems. Intensified globalization and economic liberalism currently accelerates the interchange between local and global pharmacopoeias via international trade, television, the World Wide Web and print media. The increased infiltration of newly generated biomedical knowledge and introduction of "foreign" medicines into local pharmacopoeias leads to syncretic developments and generates a feedback loop. While modern and post-modern cultures and knowledge systems adapt and transform the global impact, they become more relevant for ethnopharmacology. Moreover, what is traditional, alternative or complementary medicine depends on the adopted historic-cultural perspective.
机译:对传统和草药的了解和评估的民族药理学方法的特征是社会科学和自然科学的融合。描述人类在当地使用大自然衍生药物的人类学现场观察是进行民族药理学研究的基础。本地药物的多学科科学验证与整个现代社会有关,并有助于维持当地的医疗保健实践。尤其是在与衰老相关的慢性,传染性疾病相关的疗法方面,传统药物为生物医学提供了有希望的替代方法。应用于民族药理学的生物测定法代表了疾病或症状的分子特征和复杂性,针对这些疾病或症状,本地药物在“传统”药物中使用的深度和程度各不相同。一维体外方法很少能应付人类疾病的复杂性,而忽略了多药学协同作用的概念。最近在药用植物研究中对整体方法和系统生物学的关注代表了描述和理解复杂多参数系统的趋势。民族药典是由信念和知识系统塑造的非静态文化构造。日益加剧的全球化和经济自由主义目前正在通过国际贸易,电视,万维网和印刷媒体来加速本地和全球药典之间的交流。新产生的生物医学知识的渗透增加以及将“外来”药物引入本地药典导致合相发展并产生反馈回路。在现代和后现代文化和知识体系适应和转变全球影响力的同时,它们与民族药理学变得越来越相关。此外,传统,替代或补充医学取决于所采用的历史文化观点。

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    Leonti M.; Casu L;

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  • 年度 2013
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