Nouvelles méthodes de dimensionnement à la capacité pour la conception parasismique de murs ductiles en béton armé

摘要

In order to produce economical seismic designs, the modern building codes allow reducing seismic design forces if the seismic force resisting system (SFRS) of a building is designed to develop an identified mechanism of inelastic lateral response. The capacity design aims to ensure that the inelastic mechanism develops as intended and no undesirable failure modes occur. Since the 1984 edition, this design approach is implemented in the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standard A23.3 for seismic design of ductile reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls with the objectives of providing sufficient flexural and shear strength to confine the mechanism to the identified plastic hinges and ensure a flexure-governed inelastic lateral response of the walls. For a single regular wall, the implemented capacity design requirements assume a lateral deformation of the wall in its fundamental lateral mode of vibration, and hence aim to constrain the inelastic mechanism at the expected base plastic hinge. This design is referred to as single plastic-hinge (SPH) design. Despite these requirements, CSA standard A23.3 did not prescribe, prior to the 2004 edition, any methods for determining capacity design envelopes for flexural and shear strength design of ductile RC shear walls over their height. Only its Commentary recommended such methods. However, various studies suggested, mainly for cantilever walls, that the application of these methods could result in multistorey wall designs experiencing the formation of unintended plastic hinges at the upper storeys and a high potential of undesirable shear failure, principally at the wall base, jeopardizing the intended ductile flexural response of the wall. These design issues result from an underestimation of dynamic amplification due to lateral modes of vibration higher than the fundamental lateral mode. The 2004 CSA standard A23.3 now prescribes capacity design methods intending in part to address these design issues. Although these methods have not been assessed yet, their formulation appears deficient in accounting for the higher mode amplification effects. In this regard, this research project proposes for CSA standard A23.3 new capacity design methods, considering these effects, for a SPH design of regular ductile RC cantilever walls used as SFRS for multistorey buildings. In order to achieve this objective, first a seismic performance assessment of a realistic ductile shear wall system designed according to the 2004 CSA standard A23.3 is carried out to assess the prescribed capacity design methods. Secondly, an extensive parametric study based on sophisticated inelastic dynamic simulations is conducted to investigate the influence of various parameters on the higher mode amplification effects, and hence on the seismic force demand, in regular ductile RC cantilever walls designed with the 2004 CSA standard A23.3. Thirdly, a review of various capacity design methods proposed in the current literature and recommended by design codes for a SPH design is performed. From the outcomes of this review and the parametric study, new capacity design methods are proposed and a discussion on the limitations of these methods and on their applicability to various wall systems is presented.