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How Fair Use Can Help Solve The Orphan Works Problem

机译:合理使用如何帮助解决孤儿作品问题

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摘要

Many works that libraries, archives, and historical societies would like to digitize are \u22orphan works,\u22 that is, works for which the copyright holder either is unknown or cannot be located after a diligent search. Due to copyright risk if an owner later shows up, nonprofit libraries and similar institutions have been reluctant to digitize and make these works available, greatly limiting access to important cultural and historical information. While a legislative fix may soon be proposed, this Article argues that legislation is not necessary to enable some uses of orphan works by nonprofit libraries and archives. Instead, U.S. copyright law\u27s fair use doctrine, which allows certain unpermissioned uses of copyrighted works, provides a partial solution. Though it is an incomplete solution, fair use has some significant advantages over other approaches through which libraries and archives could make publicly beneficial uses of orphan works. Under fair use, there is no need to develop a licensing system, significantly reducing administrative and transactional costs, and eliminating socially wasteful license fees for works that are not on the market, and for which an owner is unlikely to exist. Second, fair use has the flexibility to accommodate change over time as libraries and archives discover the best ways to search for owners, preserve works, and make them available. Finally, allowing fair use of orphans by libraries and archives helps fulfill copyright\u27s critical purposes of promoting the dissemination of knowledge and supporting speech and free expression.
机译:图书馆,档案馆和历史学会希望将其数字化的许多作品都是“孤儿”作品,也就是说,版权持有人要么是未知的,要么是经过艰苦的搜索找不到的作品。由于所有者以后出现版权风险,非营利性图书馆和类似机构不愿将其数字化并提供这些作品,从而极大地限制了对重要文化和历史信息的访问。尽管可能很快会提出立法修正案,但本条认为,立法对于非营利性图书馆和档案馆对孤儿作品的某些使用没有必要。相反,美国版权法的合理使用原则提供了部分解决方案,该原则允许某些未经许可的版权作品使用。尽管这是一个不完整的解决方案,但是合理使用相对于其他方法(图书馆和档案馆可以通过公共途径使用孤儿作品)具有一些明显的优势。在合理使用的情况下,无需开发许可系统,无需大幅降低管理和交易成本,并且可以为那些在市场上不存在且所有者不大可能存在的作品免除对社会造成浪费的许可费用。其次,随着图书馆和档案馆发现搜索所有者,保存作品并使之可用的最佳方法,合理使用具有适应随时间变化的灵活性。最后,允许图书馆和档案馆合理使用孤儿有助于实现版权的关键目的,即促进知识传播,支持言论和自由表达。

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    Urban, Jennifer M.;

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  • 年度 2012
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