Adaptive technique for energy management in wireless sensor networks. Development, simulation and evaluation of adaptive techniques for energy efficient routing protocols applied to cluster based wireless sensor networks.

摘要

Recently, wireless sensor networks have become one of the most exciting areas forudresearch and development. However, sensor nodes are battery operated, thus theudsensor¿s ability to perform its assigned tasks is limited by its battery capacity;udtherefore, energy efficiency is considered to be a key issue in designing WSNudapplications.udClustering has emerged as a useful mechanism for trade-off between certain designudgoal conflicts; the network life time, and the amount of data obtained. However,uddifferent sources of energy waste still exist. Furthermore, in such dynamicudenvironments, different data rate requirements emerge due to the current networkudstatus, thus adapting a response to the changing network is essential, rather thanudfollowing the same principle during the network¿s lifespan.udThis thesis presents dynamic techniques to adapt to network changes, through whichudthe limited critical energy source can be wisely managed so that the WSN applicationudcan achieve its intended design goals. Two approaches have been taken to decreasingudthe energy use. The first approach is to develop two dynamic round time controllers,udcalled the minimum round time controller MIN-RC and the variable round timeudcontroller VAR-RC, whereas the second approach improves intra-clusterudcommunication using a Co-Cluster head; both approaches show better energyudutilisation compared to traditional protocols. A third approach has been to develop audgeneral hybrid protocol H-RC that can adapt different applications requirements; itudcan also tolerate different data rate requirements for the same application during theudsystem¿s lifetime.