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Recycling of exhausted batteries and EAF dusts by leaching with several aqueous media

机译:通过几种水性介质浸出回收废电池和电炉粉尘

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摘要

Zinc is a base metal present in several products of general use, and therefore found in numerous residues and end-of-life products. The two main sources of zinc containing wastes are spent Zn-MnO2 portable batteries and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts from steelmaking plants. The recovery of metals from these residues by appropriate recycling processes is mandatory due to environmental, economic and resource conservation issues. Concerning the similar composition of both residues, their simultaneous processing can be envisaged. The research herein described consists on the hydrometallurgical treatment of zinc bearing waste, where several leaching routes for solubilising metals, mainly zinc, are studied. The leaching of shredded batteries and EAF dusts was carried out using three different leaching solutions containing sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride. The acid leaching of zinc in the oxide form (zincite) using both acids, was very efficient and quick, allowing the recovery of practically all Zn contained in batteries and about of 80% of Zn in dusts. Regarding to the leaching media the behaviour of lead oxides present in dusts was different, being insoluble with H2SO4 and partially soluble with HCl (40-90% yield, depending on conditions). For battery waste stream, manganese is also other important metal, which oxides were only partially soluble in acid media, attaining a maximum leaching yield of 90% Mn. Iron, considered a contaminant in both residues, was partially leached and required further purification steps. The use of an ammoniacal medium (NH4Cl) was very selective for zinc, being iron practically insoluble. However, the maximum zinc leaching yield attained for both residues was only near 60%. Under these conditions, manganese contained in batteries was very insoluble while lead from dusts was leached up to 70% due to the relative solubility of lead chloride. This research showed that hydrometallurgical treatment can provide versatile solutions for recycling metals from Zn waste. Ammoniacal leaching allows high selectivity for zinc but less recovery efficiency is attained, while acid leaching allows higher metal recovery yields but unwanted elements like iron are co-dissolved.
机译:锌是存在于几种通用产品中的贱金属,因此存在于许多残留物和报废产品中。含锌废物的两个主要来源是废Zn-MnO2便携式电池和炼钢厂的电弧炉粉尘。由于环境,经济和资源节约问题,必须通过适当的回收方法从这些残留物中回收金属。关于两种残基的相似组成,可以设想它们的同时处理。本文所述的研究涉及含锌废物的湿法冶金处理,其中研究了几种溶解金属(主要是锌)的浸出途径。使用三种不同的含硫酸,盐酸或氯化铵的浸出溶液对切碎的电池和电弧炉粉尘进行浸出。使用这两种酸对氧化物形式的锌(锌矿)进行酸浸非常有效且快速,可以回收电池中几乎所有的锌,并回收粉尘中约80%的锌。关于浸出介质,粉尘中存在的氧化铅的行为有所不同,不溶于H2SO4,部分溶于HCl(取决于条件,产率为40-90%)。对于电池废物流,锰也是另一种重要的金属,其氧化物仅部分溶于酸介质,最大浸出率达90%Mn。铁被认为是两种残留物中的污染物,都被部分浸出,需要进一步的纯化步骤。氨性介质(NH4Cl)的使用对锌非常有选择性,因为铁实际上不溶。但是,两种残留物的最大锌浸出率仅接近60%。在这些条件下,由于氯化铅的相对溶解性,电池中所含的锰极不溶,而粉尘中的铅则溶出至70%。这项研究表明,湿法冶金处理可以为从锌废料中回收金属提供通用的解决方案。氨浸提法对锌具有较高的选择性,但回收率较低,而酸浸提法可提高金属回收率,但不希望的元素(如铁)会被共溶解。

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