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Biodiesel fuel from waste cooking oil RBD palm oil via transesterification reaction with the aid of sodium methoxide, methanol, and ultrasonic reactor

机译:在甲醇钠,甲醇和超声反应器的帮助下,通过酯交换反应从废食用油和RBD棕榈油中提取生物柴油

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摘要

Currently, the world is murmured to environmental issues and energy resources that every day becomes crucial and chronic. Using petroleum diesel as well fuels from natural resources will contribute to air pollution due to high amount of air pollutants emitted such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen. Also the aggressive action to use sources like petrochemical source, coal, natural gas and nuclear power, resulted the depletion drastically in natural energy resources thereby making those energy resources becomes limited day by day thus making the global price increase. This situation makes the world becomes worst and some alternatives method should be implemented to reduce the burden of problems. One possible alternative to fossil fuel is biodiesel. Regarding to that, some methods were proposed in order to make biodiesel fuel such as micro-emulsion, direct use and blending, pyrolysis (thermal cracking) and transesterification with the aid of controllable parameter such as type of catalyst, type of solvent, reactor system, condition of reaction temperature, concentration, molar ratio, mixing intensity and reaction time. From overall methods, the transesterification process was chosen. In this experiment, the biodiesel making was categorized into three stages. At first stages is to investigate the effect of catalyst concentration to product yield and purity. The results showed the optimum value were achieved at concentration of 1 wt% for both the waste cooking oil and RBD palm oil. At second stages is to investigate the effect of reaction time on product yield and purity. The results showed the optimum reaction time were difference for both the raw oils which waste cooking oil and RBD palm oil got the optimum product yield and purity at 40 min and 30 min. With previous optimum result, the gas combustion of biodiesel is then analyzed and showed the decrease amount of CO and CO2 as compare to petroleum diesel with error 51% and 2% for RBD and 50% and 5.3% for WCO.
机译:当前,世界对环境问题和能源资源感到沮丧,这每天都变得至关重要和长期。使用石油柴油以及来自自然资源的燃料将由于排放大量的空气污染物(例如一氧化碳,二氧化碳,碳氢化合物和氮氧化物)而导致空气污染。同样,使用石化资源,煤炭,天然气和核能等能源的激进行动导致自然能源资源急剧减少,从而使这些能源资源日趋匮乏,从而导致全球价格上涨。这种情况使世界变得最糟,应该采取一些替代方法来减轻问题的负担。化石燃料的一种可能替代品是生物柴油。鉴于此,提出了一些方法来制备生物柴油燃料,例如微乳液,直接使用和混合,热解(热裂解)和酯交换,借助于可控制的参数,例如催化剂的类型,溶剂的类型,反应器系统,反应温度,浓度,摩尔比,混合强度和反应时间的条件。从总体方法上,选择了酯交换过程。在该实验中,生物柴油的生产分为三个阶段。第一步是研究催化剂浓度对产物收率和纯度的影响。结果表明,对于废食用油和RBD棕榈油,在1 wt%的浓度下均达到了最佳值。第二阶段是研究反应时间对产物收率和纯度的影响。结果表明,废食用油和RBD棕榈油原料油在40 min和30 min的最佳反应时间有所不同。根据先前的最佳结果,然后分析生物柴油的气体燃烧,并显示出与石油柴油相比,CO和CO2的减少量,RBD的误差为51%和2%,WCO的误差为50%和5.3%。

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    Mughirah Abdullah;

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  • 年度 2008
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