Transportation Pricing Strategies for California: An Assessment of Congestion,Emissions, Energy, and Equity Impacts

摘要

This study investigated five categories of transportation pricing measures -congestion pricing, parking charges, fuel tax increases, VMT fees, and emissions fees. Advanced travel demand models were used to analyze these measures for the Los Angeles, Bay Area, San Diego, and Sacramento metropolitan areas. The analyses indicate that transportation pricing measures could effectively relieve congestion, lower pollutant emissions, reduce energy use, and raise revenues. Because auto use and its impacts are quite inelastic to price, sizable increases in revenue can be obtained with relatively little effect on travel; conversely price increases must be large to obtain sizable reductions in travel and its externalities.