Chemical/Biological Implications of Using Chlorine and Ozone for Disinfection.

摘要

Chlorine is readily incorporated into a variety of organic materials known to be present in water subjected to chlorine-renovation procedures. The observed products can be predicted on the basis of commonly used mechanistic considerations. The aqueous ozonation studies confirm that mechanistic considerations developed in non-aqueous cases can be applied to the prediction of products from ozone addition to dilute solutions of unsaturated organics in water. The dominant feature in the observed toxicity of phenols to Daphnia magna was the lipophilic nature of the compound as represented by the partition coefficient. The partition coefficient of a compound has been shown as part of this overall study to be readily obtained from its retention properties on a 'reverse-phase'HPLC column. The effects of chlorination on biological oxygen demand (BOD) were examined by comparing the BOD requirements of a sample containing a given parent system vs that of its chlorinated progeny. The results indicate that the chlorinated material is generally degraded less than the parent and that the lowered BOD values appear,at least for phenols,to be associated with the increased toxicity of the chlorinated material to the degrading organism.