A Guide to Papers Citing Antitrust Cases Involving Standards or Certification

摘要

Since at least 1912, standards and certifications for products ranging from lumber to milk cans have been at issue in antitrust cases. Studying these cases may provide information about the economic effects of standards and certifications based on standards -- in particular, their impacts on competition and innovation. The paper describes several articles and reports which examine the antitrust history of standards. It is intended as a research tool to help economists and others decide which (if any) antitrust cases they should study to learn more about the economic effects of standards.