Inducing Multilingual Text Analysis Tools via Robust Projection across Aligned Corpora

摘要

This paper describe system and set of automatically inducing stand- alone monolingual part-of-speech taggers, base noun-phrase bracketers, named- entity taggers and morphological analyzers for an arbitrary foreign language. Case studies include French, Chinese, Czech and Spanish. Existing text analysis tools for English are applied to bilingual text corpora and their output projected onto the second language via statistically derived word alignments. Simple direct annotation projection is quite noisy, however, even with optimal alignments. Thus this paper presents noise-robust tagger, bracketer and lemmatizer training procedures capable of accurate system bootstrapping form noisy and incomplete initial projections. Performance of the induced stand- alone part-of-speech tagger applied to French achieves 96% core part-of-speech (POS) tag accuracy, and the corresponding induced noun-phrase bracketer exceeds 91% lemmatization accuracy on the complete French verbal system. This achievement is particularly noteworthy in that it required absolutely no hand- annotated training data in the given language, and virtually no language- specific knowledge or resources beyond raw text. Performance also significantly exceeds that obtained by direct annotation projection.