European Union in Peace Operations: Limits of Policy-Making and Military Implementation

摘要

The 1992 European Union (EU) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP, known as the Maastricht Treaty) marked a turning point in the trans- Atlantic relationship. The Balkan conflicts and broader political changes in the l990s compelled the EU to assume more responsibility in peace operations. The EU's 60,000 strong Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) is planned to be operational in 2003. Will the EU be able to conduct Petersberg-type peace operations. This thesis analyzes policy and military shortfalls of the Balkan peacekeeping effort. Questions about the legitimacy of armed humanitarian interventions, about difficulties in common policy formulation and translation to sound military objectives are the core problems of civil-military relations in European peace operations. Case studies focus on the EU's failure to resolve the Bosnian crisis between 1992 and 1995, and on the gaps between NATO policies and military objectives in the operations of Implementation Force in Bosnia and Allied Force in Kosovo. The thesis considers developments in EU-CFSP institutions and the EU-NATO relationship as well as the EU's response to terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The thesis argues that the difficulty in EU-CFSP formulation limits the effective use of RRF in military operations. (3 tables).