Endogenous IL-1R1 Signaling Is Critical for Cognate CD4+ T Cell Help for Induction of In Vivo Type 1 and Type 2 Antipolysaccharide and Antiprotein Ig Isotype Responses to Intact Streptococcus pneumoniae, but Not to a Soluble Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

摘要

Interleukin-1 and IL-1 are proinflammatory cytokines that exert largely overlapping biological effects, both inducing cell signaling exclusively through IL-1R1 (1). Soluble IL-1R antagonist also binds to IL-1R1 but does not exert agonistic activity, serving instead to block IL-1 and IL- activity (2). IL-1RII also binds IL-1 but does not mediate signaling. IL-1 plays a key role in mediating innate host protection in response to pathogens, but is also a major inducer of tissue damage during infections and in pathologic conditions such as asthma and various autoimmune diseases (3, 4). IL- 1 also exerts effects on cells involved in the adaptive immune response, acting directly as a costimulus for T cells (5), B cells (6), and dendritic cells (DCs)4 (7).