Technical Communications in Urban Operations (Les communications techniques en operations urbaines)

摘要

The purpose of the IST-067 research Task Group was to investigate and suggest ways to improve tactical wireless RF communications in a wide spectrum of urban operations. Increasingly, NATO nations are involved in traditional and non-traditional military operations in towns and cities occupied by a combination of non-combatants and hostile forces. Of all the missions faced by NATO, these combat and stability operations are the most challenging. Increasing dependence on information exchange at all levels is driving the demand for greater communication availability and throughput for military operations. Dependency on communications, especially at battalion level and below, is maximized in urban environments to compensate for loss of visual contact between small teams and to their parent organizations as they disappear into alleys, and multi-story buildings. While communications dependency is rising, its performance in urban settings suffers from radio frequency (RF) transmission range reductions caused by line-of-sight issues and attenuation due to buildings, structures and terrain; as well as interference from other local electromagnetic systems. Technology advances such as SDR, Cognitive Radio, MANET, MIMO, WiMAX, and Dynamic Spectrum Allocation have the potential to improve tactical communications in urban environments.