Measuring Shallow Water Waves with Pressure Sensors.

摘要

For two locations within the surf zone sea surface elevations were observed using a wave staff and a pressure sensor while simultaneously the two horizontal orthogonal components, u and v, of water particle velocity were measured. Surface elevations derived from pressure sensors are lower, mainly in the region of the crest, compared with the same surface elevations measured with wave gages. Pressure records are more smoothed than wave gage records, and the energy computed for waves measured with a pressure sensor is consistently smaller than for waves measured with a wave gage. Methods for converting pressure to surface elevation are given which include the non-linear velocity term (u sq + v sq) which is usually neglected in the Bernoulli equation. Two techniques are proposed to include this term: (1) flowmeters are used to measure u and v, and (2) the Bernoulli term is derived by determining the velocities by convolving the pressure records using a weighting function determined from shallow water theory.