Key Cognitive Issues in the Design of Electronic Displays of Instrument ApproachProcedure Charts

摘要

This report provides a general introduction to the field of cognitive psychology and the application of well researched cognitive issues to the design of electronic instrument approach procedures (EIAP) displays. It presents 46 cognitive issues and 108 design principles. Its basic premiss is a recognition of the need for the pilot to get unambiguous information as quickly and easily as possible in such a way that it can be remembered until the time that it must be used. Recognition and discriminability of patterns, stress resulting from heavy workload, the effects of divided attention, and the need to take account of the pilot's expectations are discussed. The merits of color and size, paper and electronic display, and temporary removal of nonessential information are examined. Among the conclusions made by the report are recommendations for more investigation in the following areas: symbol design, grouping and coding of information, orientation and scaling of information, control of clutter, and ways of overcoming the harmful effect of interruptions to attention or to performance of sequential actions. Display design, Approach plates, Electronic displays, Human factors, Cockpit displays, Electronic maps.