Reduction of Hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) Toxicity to theCladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia Following Photolysis in Sunlight

摘要

Hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro.1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a high explosive usedextensively by the military in a number of applications. The compound may enter the aquatic environment via wastewater during manufacturing activities and blending operations at load, assembly, and pack (LAP) plants. RDX has been shown to be toxic to a number of aquatic organisms including algae, some invertebrates, and fish at concentrations well below its solubility limit in water (Etnier 1986; Burton et al. 1993). Several studies have shown that RDX is decomposed via photolysis in aqueous solutions at UV wavelengths shorter than 290 nm and at longer wavelengths above 290 nm which can occur from irradiance in natural sunlight (Kubose and Hoffsommer 1977; Glover and Hoffsommer 1979; Spanggord et al. 1980). Liu et al. (1984) found that exposure of composition B type LAP waste (1.6:1 mixture of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and RDX) to simulated sunlight (filtered