150 years of butterfly monitoring in Wuppertal - Effects of climate and landscape change (Lepidoptera). [German]Original Title 150 Jahre Schmetterlingsbeobachtung in Wuppertal - Auswirkungen von Klima- und Landschaftsveranderungen (Lepidoptera).

摘要

The recording of butterflies has a long tradition in the area of Wuppertal (Germany, North Rhine-Westfalia). Therefore, we have access to rather detailed data of the local moth and butterfly fauna collected over the last 150 years and are able to comment on the development of their populations during this quite long period of time. Unsurprisingly, the diversity of butterfly species decreased considerably during the rapid industrialisation at the end of the 19th century and the intensive large-scale farming that was propagated from the middle of the 20th century. Today, about 20% of moth species have been lost and the number of diurnal butterflies has decreased by 30% compared to the situation 50 to 60 years ago. Highly specialised species of open woodland, shrubland and heath are particularly affected. On the other hand, some species can be found "new" in our region or in greater abundance. Some of these moths benefit from industrial fallows, others are spreading from Western and South-Western Europe to the East. This article summarises the results of a comprehensive study on this issue (Laussmann et al. 2009) and we discuss the development of butterfly and moths populations in relation to changes of landscape and climate.