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On measurements and their quality. Paper 4: Verbal anchors and the number of response options in rating scales

机译:关于测量及其质量。论文4:言语锚和等级量表中的选项

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This is the last in a short series of papers on measurement theory and practice with particular relevance to intervention research in nursing, midwifery, and healthcare. Understanding how it is that people respond to the questions posed by researchers is fundamental to progress in the social and health sciences. For decades methodologists in psychology, marketing, education, and survey research have studied this issue. In this paper I review this diverse empirical literature to synthesize basic principles for creating rating scales which can reduce measurement error and increase the quality of resulting data. After introducing a theoretical framework known as the cognitive aspects of survey methods (CASM), I review the fundamentals of psychological scaling theory and discuss how it has been used to study the meanings of verbal response options and provide an illustration of how the quality of measurements may be influenced by our choice of the verbal phrases we present as response options. Next, I review the research on the optimal number of response options to use in various measurement situations and how verbal and numeric anchors can combine to influence data quality. Finally, I summarize the issues covered and present recommendations for best practice when creating and using rating scales in research.
机译:这是有关测量理论和实践的简短论文系列的最后一部分,这些论文与护理,助产和保健领域的干预研究特别相关。理解人们如何回应研究人员提出的问题,对于社会科学和卫生科学的进步至关重要。几十年来,心理学,市场营销,教育和调查研究的方法论者一直在研究这个问题。在本文中,我将回顾这些多样化的经验文献,以综合用于创建等级量表的基本原理,从而可以减少测量误差并提高结果数据的质量。在介绍了一种称为调查方法的认知方面(CASM)的理论框架之后,我回顾了心理定标理论的基础,并讨论了如何将其用于研究言语反应选项的含义,并举例说明了测量的质量可能受我们选择作为回应选项的口头短语的影响。接下来,我回顾了有关在各种测量情况下使用的最佳响应选项数量的研究,以及言语和数字锚点如何结合起来以影响数据质量的研究。最后,我总结了所涉及的问题,并提出了在研究中创建和使用评分量表时的最佳实践建议。

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