Approaches in Physical Activity: From Basic to Applied Research

摘要

Changes in modern lifestyles, including diets high in salt, sugar, and undesirable fats and decreases in physical activity levels, have contributed to the increasing incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases. Several nonpharmacological strategies have been developed aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle. These strategies have aimed to reduce medication, increase the quality of life, and enhance longevity. Restructuring human lifestyle is a process that should be encouraged in all ages, by all genders, and in all sectors related to health care provision. Strategies focusing on lifestyle intervention and the impacts that physical activity and exercise have on populations have been widely researched over previous decades. As a result of these studies, many recommendations outlining the benefits of exercise and physical activity have been published. Unfortunately, optimal exercise prescription and physical activity recommendations for different clinical pathologies and conditions related to cardiovascular disease are not well established. This is particularly true if we consider the unique and individual scenario of each pathology and patient. Measures of physical fitness, most notably cardiorespi-ratory fitness, are considered to be an important marker of health status or risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and early mortality. Therefore, the functional status of individuals and all related components should be monitored in human populations globally.