D. M. Shaffer and M. K. McBeath (2002) plotted the optical trajectories of uncatchable fly balls and concluded that linear optical trajectory is the informational basis of the actions taken to catch these balls. P. McLeod, N. Reed, and Z. Dienes (2002) replotted these trajectories in terms of changes in the tangent of optical angle over time and concluded that optical acceleration is the informational basis of fielder actions. Neither of these conclusions is warranted, however, because the optical trajectories of even uncatchable balls confound the information that is the basis of fielder action with the effects of those same actions on these trajectories. To determine the informational basis of fielder action, it is necessary to do the control-theory-based Test for the Controlled Variable, in which the informational. basis of catching is found by looking for features of optical trajectories that are protected from experimentally or naturally applied disturbances.
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机译：D. M. Shaffer和M. K.Cmbeath（2002）绘制了不可匹配的飞球的光学轨迹，并得出结论，线性光学轨迹是捕获这些球采取的行动的信息基础。 P. McLeod，N. Reed和Z. Dienes（2002）就光学角度随时间的切线变化的变化重新绘制了这些轨迹，并且结论是光学加速是空中行动行动的信息基础。 然而，这些结论都不保证，因为甚至不可批准的球的光学轨迹会使信息造成这些轨迹对这些轨迹的那些相同行为的影响的信息。 要确定现场行动的信息依据，有必要对受控变量进行基于控制理论的测试，其中信息。 通过寻找从实验或天然应用的干扰保护的光学轨迹的特征来发现捕获的基础。
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