Review: Replacing dietary saturated fatty acids with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids does not reduce mortality

摘要

The current meta-analysis updated a previous analysis* by incorporating additional data on cause of death from the Sydney Diet Heart Study (SDHS), done between 1966 and 1973. Included studies evaluated dietary interventions that increased PUFAs compared with SFAs, provided sufficient information to classify PUFA interventions as n-6 specific (linoleic acid [LA]-selective) or mixed n-3/n-6, [and had similar CHD risk factors in each study group}*. Cluster randomized trials were excluded. Outcomes were all-cause, CHD, and CV mortality.Review methods{MEDLINE, Web of Science, and 2 previous meta-analyses}* were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). [Investigators were contacted}*. 7 RCTs (8 comparisons, n = 11275,59% men, follow-up range 2 to 8 y) met selection criteria and were included in the analyses: 3 used LA-selective PUFA interventions, and 4 used mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA interventions.Main resultsMeta-analysis showed that dietary n-6 PUFAs did not reduce all-cause, CV, or CHD mortality compared with dietary SFAs (Table). Results by PUFA type are shown in the Table.ConclusionsDietary n-6 specific or mixed n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids do not reduce all-cause or coronary heart disease mortality compared with dietary saturated fatty acids. Mixed n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce cardiovascular mortality.