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首页> 外文期刊>Current Biology: CB >Changes in bicoid mRNA anchoring highlight conserved mechanisms during the oocyte-to-embryo transition
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Changes in bicoid mRNA anchoring highlight conserved mechanisms during the oocyte-to-embryo transition

机译:卵母细胞向胚胎过渡过程中,类固醇mRNA锚定的变化突出了保守的机制

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摘要

Intracellular mRNA localization directs protein synthesis to particular subcellular domains to establish embryonic polarity in a variety of organisms. In Drosophila, bicoid (bcd) mRNA is prelocalized at the oocyte anterior. After fertilization, translation of this RNA produces a Bcd protein gradient that determines anterior cell fates [1, 2]. Analysis of bcd mRNA during late stages of oogenesis suggested a model for steady-state bcd localization by continual active transport [3). However, this mechanism cannot explain maintenance of bcd localization throughout the end of oogenesis, when microtubules; disassemble in p reparation for embryogenesis [4, 5], or retention of bcd at the anterior in mature oocytes, which can remain dormant for weeks before fertilization [6]. Here, we elucidate the path and mechanism of sustained bcd mRNA transport by direct observation of bcd RNA particle translocation in living oocytes. We show that bcd mRNA shifts from continuous active transport to stable actin-dependent anchoring at the end of oogenesis. Egg activation triggers bcd release from the anterior cortex for proper deployment in the embryo, probably through reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. These findings uncover a surprising parallel between flies and frogs, as cortically tethered Xenopus Vg1 mRNA undergoes a similar redistribution during oocyte maturation [7]. Our results thus highlight a conserved mechanism for regulating mRNA anchoring and redeployment during the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
机译:细胞内mRNA定位将蛋白质合成引导至特定的亚细胞结构域,以在多种生物中建立胚胎极性。在果蝇中,bicoid(bcd)mRNA预定位在卵母细胞前。受精后,该RNA的翻译产生一个Bcd蛋白梯度,该梯度决定了前细胞的命运[1、2]。卵子发生后期bcd mRNA的分析提出了一种通过持续主动转运稳定bcd定位的模型[3]。然而,当微管形成时,这种机制不能解释整个卵子形成过程中bcd定位的维持。在胚胎形成过程中进行分解[4,5],或将bcd保留在成熟卵母细胞的前部,这些卵子在受精前可以保持休眠数周[6]。在这里,我们通过直接观察活卵母细胞中bcd RNA颗粒易位,阐明了持续bcd mRNA转运的途径和机制。我们表明,bcd mRNA从持续的主动运输转移到稳定的肌动蛋白依赖性锚定在卵子发生的末期。卵的活化可能触发bcd从前皮质释放,从而可能通过肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重组而在胚胎中正确部署。这些发现揭示了苍蝇和青蛙之间令人惊讶的相似之处,因为皮质系链的非洲爪蟾Vg1 mRNA在卵母细胞成熟过程中会经历类似的重新分布[7]。因此,我们的结果突出了在卵母细胞向胚胎过渡过程中调节mRNA锚定和重新部署的保守机制。

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