Even in its simplest form, the human ability to temporally align movements to sensory events presents a complex challenge for neuroscience. Such sensorimotor synchronization requires many interconnected processes. It depends on precise sensory encoding, rhythmic motor control, temporal prediction of upcoming events, integration of perception and action, error correction to compensate for discrepancies, and typically attention to the task. Only the interplay of these processes allows accurate synchronization, and each process has been the subject of extensive theoretical and empirical work (Repp, 2005; Repp and Su, 2013). However, despite significant overall progress, relatively little is known about the neural underpinnings of individual differences in synchronization abilities and how these relate to other basic neurocognitive functions.
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