Utilitarians are not always fair and the fair are not always utilitarian: Distinct motives for cooperation

摘要

This paper investigates the effect of utilitarianism and fairness motives on cooperative behavior in a real-life, large-scale social dilemma while also looking at the moderating effect of various situational factors on this relationship. Perceived criticality of the situation and high-efficacy beliefs are shown to increase cooperation of utilitarians more than they increase cooperation of those with a fairness motive. Ownership of the problem and the expected cooperation of others on the other hand are shown to increase cooperation of those with a fairness motive more so than they increase cooperation of utilitarians. Implications of these findings for increasing cooperation in social dilemmas are discussed.