Dissection: where and when is it appropriate in the teaching laboratory?

摘要

The use of nonhuman subjects in the laboratory has been a long-standing practice in colleges, universities, schools of medicine, and pharmacy and veterinary sciences. Claudius Galen, Andreas Vesalius, and William Harvey, founders of anatomical science, used nonhuman as well as human animal cadavers for their extensive studies of the anatomy and physiology of the human body. Although during that time, anatomists were often deemed "grave robbers" and sometimes arrested for their deeds, anatomical science and our understanding of the processes that result could not have occurred without these early studies (Saunders, 1950). Today, many institutions of higher learning demonstrate anatomy and physiological understanding with both animal dissections andmodels. The vast majority of biologists who teach or do research were trained in their undergraduate and graduate programs that animal models are the way of biological inquiry. Specific branches of biology that attempt to understand chemical, endocrinological, muscular, cardiovascular, digestive, or other processes in the body only have been able to do research using whole animal models.