首页> 外文期刊>Water, Air, and Soil Pollution >Age-dependent Bioaccumulation Of Organochlorine Compounds In Fish And Their Selective Biotransformation In Top Predators From Lake Maggiore (italy)
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Age-dependent Bioaccumulation Of Organochlorine Compounds In Fish And Their Selective Biotransformation In Top Predators From Lake Maggiore (italy)

机译:鱼中有机氯化合物的年龄依赖性生物积累及其在马焦雷湖(意大利)的主要捕食者中的选择性生物转化

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摘要

Fish and piscivorous bird eggs collected in 2003 from Lake Maggiore (Italy), were analysed for PCB and DDT contamination. Lake Maggiore has been severely polluted by DDT through production of the pesticide within its catchment. Although agricultural application of DDT was banned in Italy in the 1978, industrial production continued until 1996, with enough contamination of water and soil for serious bioaccumulation in the lake biota. PCB and DDT concentrations in a whitefish (Coregonus mac-rophthalmus Nusslin 1882) were seen to be dependent on season and fish age, but not on sex. The average increase of the lipid-normalised concentration of DDTs and PCBs was two-fold across season and also across age, resulting in an overall increase of four fold. The seasonal variation was related to the eco-physiological cycle of the fish and to the contamination dynamic of the lake, while the effect of the fish age was explained on the base of biomagnification-related mechanisms. A fugacity model was applied to predict the age-dependent bioaccumulation potential of PCBs, whose concentrations were rather stable in recent years in the lake. Predicted values for compounds with negligible biotransformation were in good agreement with experimental data (calculated vs. experimental mean difference of 14%), and a relationship between the increase of experimental age-dependent concentration and K_(ow) was observed. The good correspondence between the predicted and the measured values for most PCB congeners confirmed the general inability of fishes to biotransform these compounds. On the contrary, the importance of biotransformation processes was recognised in birds; eggs of a fish eating bird (Podiceps cristatus) from the same area selectively bioaccumulated p,p'-DDE. For PCBs, congener 149 appears to be completely metabolized by the bird species, and congeners 95, 101, 132, 151 and 174 were reduced as well. The role of the meta-para free position on at least one phenyl ring of PCB congeners in biotransformation processes was confirmed.
机译:分析了2003年从意大利马焦雷湖(Lake Maggiore)(意大利)收集的鱼和鱼食性鸟卵中的PCB和DDT污染。通过在其流域内生产杀虫剂,马焦雷湖受到了滴滴涕的严重污染。尽管1978年意大利禁止在农业上使用滴滴涕,但工业生产一直持续到1996年,水和土壤受到足够的污染,导致湖泊生物群中的生物大量积累。人们发现,白鱼(Coregonus mac-rophthalmus Nusslin 1882)中的PCB和DDT浓度取决于季节和鱼类年龄,而不取决于性别。滴滴涕和多氯联苯的脂质归一化浓度的平均增加在整个季节以及整个年龄增长了两倍,导致总体增长了四倍。季节变化与鱼类的生态生理周期和湖泊的污染动态有关,而鱼类年龄的影响则根据生物放大相关的机理进行了解释。应用逸度模型预测了多氯联苯的年龄依赖性生物积累潜力,近年来,多氯联苯在湖泊中的浓度相当稳定。生物转化率可忽略不计的化合物的预测值与实验数据(计算得出的相对实验平均差异为14%)非常吻合,并且观察到实验年龄依赖性浓度的增加与K_(ow)之间的关系。大多数PCB同类物的预测值与测量值之间的良好对应关系确认了鱼类普遍无法生物转化这些化合物。相反,鸟类认识到生物转化过程的重要性。来自同一地区的食鸟(Podiceps cristatus)的鱼卵选择性地生物积累了p,p'-DDE。对于多氯联苯,同类物149似乎已被鸟类完全代谢,同类物95、101、132、151和174也减少了。证实了PCB同系物至少一个苯环上的间位对位游离位置在生物转化过程中的作用。

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