Estimation of Wake Propagation behind the Rotors of Wind-Powered Generators

摘要

The objectives of this work are to develop the experimental model of wake behind the wind-power generator rotor to estimate its propagation distance and the impact on the average and pulsation characteristics of incident flow with the possibility of further use of these data in the calculation models of wind and climate changes in the regions and to determine the optimal operation of wind turbines. For experimental modeling, the laboratory model of wind-powered generator with a horizontal axis was used that operated as wind turbine in optimal mode. The kinematic characteristics of flow and changes in the wake structure in the distance of more than 40 rotor diameters downstream with a slight level of turbulent pulsations (less than 2%) of free flow were investigated. A significant impact of external intense pulsations typical for natural atmospheric conditions was purposely excluded in the experimental research in order to define the degree of self-damping of perturbations generated by oneself wind-powered generator. The obtained experimental data for the wake dynamics behind the model of wind-powered generator allowed ascertaining its impact on slowing down of incident vortex flow and determining the distance at which its impact on the stream disappears, and the deceleration values are comparable to the level of pulsations of incident flow. This experimental model with the same degree of damping its velocity and pulsations can be used to adjust the theoretical approximation of the far wake. It is shown that the recovery of velocity of incident flow is faster than has been previously defined in the models of calculating the impact of wind electric power plants on the regional climate changes. Thus, existing wind loss calculated on the model of wake behind the wind-powered generator, adjusted in this study can be even less significant.