Belgium's electricity transmission system operator Elia has launched a consultation on deterministic frequency deviations (DFDs) that, in a worst-case scenario, could eventually cause day-long blackouts, it said July 1. The analysis comes from a study on lowering Belgium's contribution to DFDs in Europe. The deviations are defined as deterministic as they occur regularly, on the hour as price schedules transition, notably during the evening peak. DFDs could "ultimately cause a blackout of the system which would cause Belgium to be without power supply for probably about one day (on average over the territory)," Elia said. A November report by TSO organization Entso-e noted that DFDs had been on the increase in recent years across continental Europe's synchronous power network area.
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