御産所と都市社会: 霊元天皇の後宮を中心として

摘要

近世において、天皇•院の子を懐妊した正配や女官の出産は、御産所で行われた。これは神事を行う内裏を、出産による産穢や安産を願う仏事から分離するために行われたと考えられ、その成立は詳かではないが、平安時代には御産所の設置、および出産前の御産所への退出が出産儀礼の一部となっていた。古代・中世には、主に妊婦の親元、または身内に当たる人物の屋敷が御産所に充てられた。%The empress and the court ladies gave a birth to emperor's baby at the delivery place. This study focuses on the emperor Reigen's court ladies and the delivery places, and reveals the followings. The royal family located the delivery place according to its own rule consisting of the 3 points following: 1)At first it should be located at the residence of her parents. 2)If that was difficult it was decided by the fortune direction and precedents. 3)According to her class the noble residence and the townsman's house was used. At the case of using the townsman's house, the balance between the rule and the intent of shogunate and townsman sometimes broke down and became conflicted. Therefore the emperor Reigen shifted the rules, and led them to the new balance.