超高層ビルを対象とした全館避難時のエレベーター利用に関する研究

摘要

わが国において，火災時における超高層ビルの避難計画は，従来特別避難階段による避難が前提であり，エレベーター（以降，EVと記す）を利用した避難は考えられていない。また，EVの避難時利用は法令上禁止されてはいないものの，日本エレベーター協会等の自主規制により利用を控えることが一般的である。%In many past fires, not a few people used elevators for their evacuation, although they were often told not to use elevators far fire evacuation. On the other hand, the number of people, who have difficulty to use stairs, has been larger year by year not only in usual buildings but also in high-rise buildings as well, since the aged people have been rapidly increasing along with improved accessibility for disabled people. Also, the potential demand of elevator use in evacuation from a high-rise building has been growing recently especially after the collapse of WTC towers on September 11th, 2001. The evacuation using elevators in case of afire is still a controversial issue, because the safe operation of elevators is not always secured during evacuation in a fire. In the context of this situation, we developed a simplified model to simulate the operation of multiple elevators for calculating evacuation time by elevators. And, we conducted some case studies with this elevator operation model to examine the feasibility and issues of elevator use for evacuation mainly from the viewpoint of its transportation efficiency of occupants rather than fire safety aspects during the operation.