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ElVis: A System for the Accurate and Interactive Visualization of High-Order Finite Element Solutions

机译:ElVis:高阶有限元解决方案的精确交互可视化系统

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This paper presents the Element Visualizer (ElVis), a new, open-source scientific visualization system for use with highorder finite element solutions to PDEs in three dimensions. This system is designed to minimize visualization errors of these types of fields by querying the underlying finite element basis functions (e.g., high-order polynomials) directly, leading to pixel-exact representations of solutions and geometry. The system interacts with simulation data through runtime plugins, which only require users to implement a handful of operations fundamental to finite element solvers. The data in turn can be visualized through the use of cut surfaces, contours, isosurfaces, and volume rendering. These visualization algorithms are implemented using NVIDIA’s OptiX GPU-based ray-tracing engine, which provides accelerated ray traversal of the high-order geometry, and CUDA, which allows for effective parallel evaluation of the visualization algorithms. The direct interface between ElVis and the underlying data differentiates it from existing visualization tools. Current tools assume the underlying data is composed of linear primitives; high-order data must be interpolated with linear functions as a result. In this work, examples drawn from aerodynamic simulations-high-order discontinuous Galerkin finite element solutions of aerodynamic flows in particular-will demonstrate the superiority of ElVis’ pixel-exact approach when compared with traditional linear-interpolation methods. Such methods can introduce a number of inaccuracies in the resulting visualization, making it unclear if visual artifacts are genuine to the solution data or if these artifacts are the result of interpolation errors. Linear methods additionally cannot properly visualize curved geometries (elements or boundaries) which can greatly inhibit developers’ debugging efforts. As we will show, pixel-exact visualization exhibits none of these issues, removing- the visualization scheme as a source of uncertainty for engineers using ElVis.
机译:本文介绍了Element Visualizer(ElVis),这是一种新的开源科学可视化系统,可与三维PDE的高阶有限元解决方案一起使用。该系统旨在通过直接查询底层的有限元基础函数(例如高阶多项式)来最小化这些类型的字段的可视化误差,从而导致解决方案和几何图形的像素精确表示。该系统通过运行时插件与仿真数据进行交互,该插件仅需要用户执行有限元求解器的一些基本操作。依次使用切割面,轮廓,等值面和体绘制可以使数据可视化。这些可视化算法是使用基于NVIDIA OptiX GPU的光线跟踪引擎实现的,该引擎可加速高阶几何的光线遍历,而CUDA则可对可视化算法进行有效的并行评估。 ElVis与基础数据之间的直接接口将其与现有的可视化工具区分开。当前的工具假定基础数据由线性图元组成;结果,必须使用线性函数对高阶数据进行插值。在这项工作中,从空气动力学模拟(尤其是空气动力学流的高阶不连续Galerkin有限元解决方案)中提取的示例将证明ElVis像素精确方法与传统的线性插值方法相比具有优越性。这样的方法可能会在结果可视化中引入许多不准确之处,从而使得视觉伪像对于解决方案数据而言是真实的,还是这些伪像是内插错误的结果,尚不清楚。此外,线性方法无法正确地可视化弯曲的几何形状(元素或边界),从而极大地阻碍了开发人员的调试工作。正如我们将要展示的,精确像素可视化不会出现这些问题,从而消除了可视化方案成为使用ElVis的工程师的不确定性来源。

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