A review of lithium niobate modulators for fiber-opticcommunications systems

摘要

The current status of lithium-niobate external-modulatorntechnology is reviewed with emphasis on design, fabrication, systemnrequirements, performance, and reliability. The technology meets thenperformance and reliability requirements of current 2.5-, 10-, andn40-Gb/s digital communication systems, as well as CATV analog systems.nThe current trend in device topology is toward higher data rates andnincreased levels of integration. In particular, multiple high-speednmodulation functions, such as 10-Gb/s return-to-zero pulse generationnplus data modulation, have been achieved in a single device