Autism spectrum disorder-associated biomarkers for case evaluation and management by clinical geneticists

摘要

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) arenneurodevelopmental disorders, usuallyndiagnosed in early childhood and characterizednby varying restrictions in communicationnand social interaction; asnwell as by atypical, repetitive behaviorsnincluding hyperactivity, poor attention,nimpulsivity, aggression, self-injury, tantrumsnand unusual responses to sensorynstimuli [1]. Furthermore, common conditionsnoften associated with an ASD diagnosisninclude gastrointestinal disease andndysbiosis [2], autoimmune disease [3] andnmental retardation [4]. Based on a recentnsurvey, ASDs occured in at least one inn150 children born in the USA during thenearly 1990s [5].