Autism spectrum disorder-associated biomarkers for case evaluation and management by clinical geneticists

摘要

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders, usually diagnosed in early childhood and characterized by varying restrictions in communication and social interaction; as well as by atypical, repetitive behaviors including hyperactivity, poor attention, impulsivity, aggression, self-injury, tantrums and unusual responses to sensory stimuli . Furthermore, common conditions often associated with an ASD diagnosis include gastrointestinal disease and dysbiosis , autoimmune disease and mental retardation . Based on a recent survey, ASDs occured in at least one in 150 children born in the USA during the early 1990s .