PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF COTTON PYRETHROIDS: IV. LANDSCAPE- LEVEL EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION

摘要

Aquatic exposure arising from the use of pyrethroid insecticides on cotton in the United States was estimated as part of an extensive pyrethroid aquatic risk assessment. The exposure analysis was based on the standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tier II regulatory scenario for cotton, which assumes a 1-ha pond surrounded by 10 ha of treated crop, with high levels of Runoff, erosion, and drift entering the pond. This regulatory scenario was modified to include simplified landscape-level information On the proximity of cotton to ponds derived from a remote sensing study.