Mycobacterium triplex(M. triplex) is a bacterial species that can cause severe pulmonary diseases. Despite its clinical importance, only a few cases ofM. triplexinfection have been reported. Here, we present a rare case of pulmonary disease due toM. triplexin an immunocompetent patient who showed abnormal findings on chest X-ray and computed tomography scans. In this patient, the bacterium was identified by DNA sequencing analysis of the16S rRNAandhsp65genes. The patient was successfully treated with the appropriate antimicrobial agents. To put this case into the context of the current literature, we also reviewed other case reports ofM. triplexinfection.
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