Real-world driving, energy demand and emissions of electrified vehicles

摘要

Alternativevehicle drivetrain technologies as used in electric vehicles (EV) are expectedto play a major role in future passenger car markets. Yet, there is a lack ofknowledge on the benefits or drawbacks. The aim of this paper is to present energyconsumption and emission data of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) and a plug-inhybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) taken from two measurement campaigns. The BEVfleet is equipped with OBD data loggers, collecting information on the state ofcharge (SOC). Results for the chosen BEV show seasonal variations with an up to60% higher energy demand in winter. Taking data on energy consumption atcharging station, an average annual total energy demand of 19 kWh/100 km iscomputed. Well-to-tank NOx emissions per charging event are calculated based onhourly electricity mix data in Germany. Survey results of the BEV users showthat there is a positive perception of EV, although only a minority isconvinced that EV are suitable for daily use. In the second measurementcampaign, different EURO6 passenger cars are tested on a dynamometer at 23°Cand 0°C. Results for a PHEV of the C segment show that exhaust emissions of airpollutants and greenhouse gases strongly depend on the vehicle`s operatingstrategy and ambient temperatures, influencing the electric range, the share ofICE use and the catalyst temperature notably. This in turn shows the importanceof an appropriate design of PHEV.