Intracranial hemorrhage remains an important factor of premature newborns’ morbidity. Its incidence is significantly influenced by adequate perinatal care and safe neonatal transport. Risk factors for the development of intracranial hemorrhage in premature newborns after neonatal transport were analyzed in the retrospective transversal clinical study. Out of 150 study subjects, 60% (n=90/150) had intracranial hemorrhage with a statistically significant difference in relation to Apgar score, gestational age, birth weight, age at the moment of transport and the prophylactic use of surfactant. In this group, grades I/II intracranial hemorrhage were detected in 77% (n=69/90), while grades III/IV intracranial hemorrhage were diagnosed in 23% (n=21/90). A statistically significant difference was observed in relation to gestational age, birth weight, antenatal use of tocolytics and steroids, delivery mode and age in the time of transport between these groups. All patients were transferred to Intensive Care Unit, the duration of transport was less than 5 minutes in 71% 9n=107/150), whereas longer transport was recorded in 29% (n=43/150). In the group of longer transport, prophylactic surfactant was less frequently used with a higher incidence of grades III/IV intracranial hemorrhage. In order to prevent the development of intracranial hemorrhage in premature newborns, the most important measures are the antenatal use of steroids and postnatal prophylactic use of surfactant.
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