Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathologyBackground: Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is a spontaneous pneumothorax commonly associated with menstrual periods. Endometrial tissues most commonly involve the pelvic region. However, after the pelvis, the lungs are most fre - quently involved. Thoracic endometriosis should always be suspected in young women presenting with CP.Case Report: A 30-year-old woman with history of endometriosis presented with chief complaint of umbilical pain. A com-puterized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis was performed, which showed an incidental find-ing of a large right-sided pneumothorax. Chest X-ray imaging showed 50% pneumothorax. A right-sided chest tube was placed, and after the procedure, a chest X-ray image showed expansion of the right lung. The patient was readmitted for elective resection of an umbilical mass and was again incidentally found to have a recur-rent pneumothorax on the right side. She underwent videothoracoscopic pleurodesis with pathology, estab-lishing the diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax.Conclusions: Thoracic endometriosis resulting in catamenial pneumothorax should be suspected in young women of child-bear-ing age. Treatment options still under debate include ndoscopic resection and videothoracoscopic pleurodesis followed by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy to reduce the rate of postoperative recurrence.
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