Perchlorate, bromate, and chlorate in hypochlorite solutions: Guidelines for utilities

摘要

Various forms of chlorine are commonly used in drinking water and water reuse applications for their ability to disinfect and maintain a residual level of disinfectant throughout the distribution system. The majority of utilities in the United States use chlorine gas during treatment, but approximately one third of all US drinking water treatment plants use bulk hypochlorite for disinfection, and around 8% use onsite hypochlorite generators or onsite generators (OSGs) during treatment (Routt et al, 2008a, 2008b).