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Neighborhood Income and Income Distribution and the Use of Cigarettes Alcohol and Marijuana

机译:邻里收入和收入分配以及使用香烟酒和大麻

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摘要

Evidence about the relation between contextual variables and substance use is conflicting. Relations between neighborhood income and income distribution and the prevalence and frequency of substance use in 59 New York City (NYC) neighborhoods were assessed while accounting for individual income and other socio-demographic variables. Measures of current substance use (in the 30 days prior to the survey) were obtained from a random-digit-dial phone survey of adult residents of NYC and data from the 2000 U.S. Census to calculate median neighborhood income and income distribution (assessed using the Gini coefficient). Among 1355 respondents analyzed (female=56.2%, mean age=40.4), 23.9% reported cigarette, 40.0% alcohol, and 5.4% marijuana use in the previous 30 days. In ecologic assessment, neighborhoods with both the highest income and the highest income maldistribution had the highest prevalence of drinking alcohol (69.0%) and of smoking marijuana (10.5%) but not of cigarette use; there was no clear ecologic association between neighborhood income, income distribution, and cigarette use. In multilevel multivariable models adjusting for individual income, age, race, sex, and education, high neighborhood median income and maldistributed neighborhood income were both significantly associated with a greater likelihood of alcohol and marijuana use but not of cigarette use. Both high neighborhood income and maldistributed income also were associated with greater frequency of alcohol use among current alcohol drinkers. These observations suggest that neighborhood income and income distribution may play more important roles in determining population use of alcohol and marijuana than individual income, and that determinants of substance use may vary by potential for drug dependence. Further research should investigate specific pathways that may explain the relation between neighborhood characteristics and use of different substances.
机译:关于上下文变量与物质使用之间的关系的证据相互矛盾。在考虑个人收入和其他社会人口统计学变量的同时,评估了纽约市59个社区的邻里收入和收入分布与物质使用的普遍性和频率之间的关系。从纽约市成年居民的随机数字拨号电话调查和2000年美国人口普查数据中获得的当前物质使用量度(在调查前30天内)是通过计算邻里收入和收入分配中位数(使用基尼系数)。在接受分析的1355名受访者中(女性为56.2%,平均年龄为40.4),在过去30天中,有23.9%的人报告了香烟,40.0%的酒精和5.4%的大麻使用。在生态评估中,收入最高和收入分配不均最高的社区,饮酒(69.0%)和吸烟大麻(10.5%)的发生率最高,但不吸烟。在社区收入,收入分配和吸烟之间没有明确的生态联系。在针对个人收入,年龄,种族,性别和教育程度进行调整的多级多变量模型中,较高的邻里中位数收入和分布不均的邻里收入都与酗酒和吸大麻的可能性更大,而与吸烟无关。高的邻里收入和分配不均的收入也与当前饮酒者中饮酒的频繁发生有关。这些观察结果表明,居民收入和收入分配在决定人口对酒精和大麻的使用方面可能比个人收入发挥更大的作用,并且物质使用的决定因素可能会因药物依赖性而异。进一步的研究应调查可能解释邻里特征与不同物质使用之间关系的特定途径。

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