Novel ‘hunting’ method using transcranial magnetic stimulation over parietal cortex disrupts visuospatial sensitivity in relation to motor thresholds

摘要

There is considerable inter-study and inter-individual variation in the scalp location of parietal sites where transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may modulate visuospatial behaviours (see ); and no clear consensus on methods for identifying such sites. Here we introduce a novel TMS “hunting paradigm” that allows rapid, reliable identification of a site over right anterior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), where short trains (at 10 Hz for 0.5s) of TMS disrupt performance of a task in which subjects judge the presence or absence of a small peripheral gap (at 14 degrees eccentricity), on one or other (known) side of an extended (29 degrees) horizontal line centred on fixation. Signal detection analysis confirmed that TMS at this site reduced sensitivity (d’) for gap targets in the left visual hemifield. A further experiment showed that the same right-parietal TMS increased sensitivity instead for gaps in the right hemifield. Comparing TMS across a grid of scalp locations around the identified ‘hotspot’ confirmed the spatial specificity. Assessment of the TMS intensity required to produce the phenomena found this was linearly related to individuals’ resting motor TMS threshold over hand M1. Our approach provides a systematic new way to identify an effective site and intensity in individuals, at which TMS over right parietal cortex reliably changes visuospatial sensitivity.