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Small genomes and large seeds: chromosome numbers genome size and seed mass in diploid Aesculus species (Sapindaceae)

机译:小基因组和大种子:二倍体七叶树种(木犀科)的染色体数基因组大小和种子质量

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摘要

>Background and Aims Aesculus L. (horse chestnut, buckeye) is a genus of 12–19 extant woody species native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. This genus is known for unusually large seeds among angiosperms. While chromosome counts are available for many Aesculus species, only one has had its genome size measured. The aim of this study is to provide more genome size data and analyse the relationship between genome size and seed mass in this genus. >Methods Chromosome numbers in root tip cuttings were confirmed for four species and reported for the first time for three additional species. Flow cytometric measurements of 2C nuclear DNA values were conducted on eight species, and mean seed mass values were estimated for the same taxa. >Key Results The same chromosome number, 2n = 40, was determined in all investigated taxa. Original measurements of 2C values for seven Aesculus species (eight taxa), added to just one reliable datum for A. hippocastanum, confirmed the notion that the genome size in this genus with relatively large seeds is surprisingly low, ranging from 0·955 pg 2C–1 in A. parviflora to 1·275 pg 2C–1 in A. glabra var. glabra. >Conclusions The chromosome number of 2n = 40 seems to be conclusively the universal 2n number for non-hybrid species in this genus. Aesculus genome sizes are relatively small, not only within its own family, Sapindaceae, but also within woody angiosperms. The genome sizes seem to be distinct and non-overlapping among the four major Aesculus clades. These results provide an extra support for the most recent reconstruction of Aesculus phylogeny. The correlation between the 2C values and seed masses in examined Aesculus species is slightly negative and not significant. However, when the four major clades are treated separately, there is consistent positive association between larger genome size and larger seed mass within individual lineages.
机译:>背景和目的七叶树(七叶树,七叶树)是北半球温带原生的12-19种现存木本植物的属。该属以被子植物中异常大的种子而闻名。尽管许多七叶树种都有染色体计数,但只有一种可以测量其基因组大小。这项研究的目的是提供更多的基因组大小数据,并分析该属的基因组大小与种子质量之间的关系。 >方法确认了四个物种的根尖插条中的染色体数目,并首次报道了另外三个物种的染色体数目。在8个物种上进行了2C核DNA值的流式细胞仪测量,并估计了同一类群的平均种子质量值。 >主要结果:在所有调查的类群中都确定了相同的染色体数2n = 40。最初将七个七叶树属物种(八类群)的2C值测量,仅添加到一个可靠的河曲霉的数据中,证实了以下观念:该种子属较大的属的基因组大小令人惊讶地低,范围为0·955 pg 2C小果拟南芥中的 –1 对glabra var。中的1·275 pg 2C –1 glabra。 >结论:2n = 40的染色体数似乎是该属非杂交物种的普遍2n数。七叶树的基因组规模相对较小,不仅在其自己的家族的Sapindaceae中,而且在木质被子植物中也是如此。在四个主要欧洲七叶树进化枝之间,基因组大小似乎是不同的且不重叠。这些结果为欧洲七叶树系统发育的最新重建提供了额外的支持。在所检查的七叶树属物种中,2C值与种子质量之间的相关性是轻微的负相关,并且不显着。但是,当分别处理四个主要进化枝时,单个谱系中较大的基因组大小与较大的种子质量之间存在一致的正相关。

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