The Effect of Utilization of In-home Services and the Changes in Levels ofCare Needs of Frail Persons (2002–2004): Results of a Two-year Follow-upStudy

摘要

>Objectives: Despite the increasing utilization of in-home services, the assessment of in-home services used by those that have certified levels of care needs has been limited to the actual changes in individual outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to determine factors affecting how the utilization of in-home services could have sustained and/or improved or deteriorated the care needs levels of frail persons. We also examined the effect of in-home services used in the lower level of care needs subgroup and the higher level of care needs subgroup during a two-year period.>Subjects and Methods: We used longitudinal data from Izumo City of those individuals with certified levels of care needs to analyze the changes in care need levels in Izumo City between 2002 to 2004. In 2002, 2,651 persons had certified levels of care needs. All permanent residents of care facilities, at care needs level 5 in 2002, those who died since 2002 and people who could not be traced during the two-year follow-up period were excluded. The remaining data from 1,788 frail persons were ultimately analyzed. We arbitrarily divided the changes in care needs levels into two categories: sustained/improved and deteriorated. The care needs levels were also stratified into a lower level of care needs subgroup and a higher level of care needs subgroup at the baseline. Simple statistical analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors that were thought to be related to in-home service utilization data topredict changes in care needs levels.>Results: Approximately 63.3% of the respondents had a sustained or improvedcare needs level, and 36.7% of the respondents showed deteriorated of care needs levels.In the lower level of care needs subgroup, utilization of home help/bathing (OR=2.59) wasassociated with significant sustained/improved care needs levels. In the higher level ofcare needs subgroup, day care service (OR=0.90) and short stay services (OR=0.87) weresignificantly related to deteriorated care needs levels, respectively.>Conclusions: This study shows that home help/bathing care in the lower levelof care needs subgroup was a significant predictor of sustained/improved levels of careneeds for frail persons but that short stay services and day care services in the higherlevel of care needs subgroup have a negative impact on sustained/improved levels of careneeds. Our results suggest that utilization of home help services can preventdeterioration of these levels of care needs in frail persons.