Background/Aims: To evaluate feasibility, safety and pattern of bone marrow-derived cells (BMC) mobilization in patients with end stage liver cirrhosis following granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration. Methods: Eight patients with severe liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score B-C, spleen diameter less than 170 mm) were included. They were treated with G-CSF (5 μg/kg b.i.d for three consecutive days) to mobilize BMC, evaluated as circulating CD34+ve cells (flow cytometry) and myeloid CFU-GM progenitors (in vitro colony growth assay). Co-expression in CD34+ve cells markers of differentiation (Thy1, CD133, CXCR4, c1qRp) were investigated on CD34+ve cells by double direct immunofluorescence. Data from 40 healthy haematopoietic stem cell donors were used as controls. Results: Mobilization of CD34+ve cells occurred in all patients. It was paralleled by expansion of circulating CFU-GM progenitors. Circulating CD34+ve cells co-expressed epithelial and stem cell markers in both cirrhotics and volunteer stem cell donors. G-CSF was well tolerated, no adverse event occurred, a significant reversible increase of splenic longitudinal diameter was observed. Conclusions: (i) G-CSF mobilization of BMC co-expressing epithelial and stem markers occurred in all cirrhotic patients; (ii) splenomegaly up to 170 mm does not prevent safe BMC mobilization following G-CSF in patients with end stage liver disease; (iii) mobilized BMC may represent an easy immature cell source potentially useful for novel approaches for liver regeneration.
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