中国城市道路交通安全特点解析

摘要

Being in a period of rapid urban development intertwined with fast motorization in China,the country experiences different level of safety between urban roadways and non-urban highways.Focusing on the characteristics of urban traffic safety,this paper summarizes the characteristics of urban road traffic safety at different time periods based on the accident data and traffic citations from 2007 to 2016,which takes into account the crash temporal and spatial characteristic.By analyzing the causes of these accidents' characteristics,the paper discusses the relationship between road safety and roadway design,travel modes,and travel behaviors.Finally,the paper proposes improving traffic safety techniques aiming at high acci-dent risk factors and event such as timing,intersection,resurging non-motorized traffic accident,the rising electric-bike accident,high frequency of truck accidents at night,high fatal and injury pedestrian accidents,and increasing accident risk for elderly.%由于中国正处于机动化、城镇化快速交织发展时期,城市道路与公路交通安全的发展特点不同.针对城市道路交通安全特点,基于2007—2016年城市道路交通事故和交通违法数据,兼顾时序规律和空间规律,梳理归纳城市道路交通安全发展的阶段性特征.进而解析城市道路交通安全特点的形成原因,探讨道路安全与道路设施、出行方式、出行行为之间的内在联系.最后,针对城市道路交通事故发生时间、交叉口和非机动车道交通事故回升、电动自行车交通事故骤增、货车夜间交通事故多发、行人交通事故伤亡数居高、老年群体交通安全风险升高等特征,分别提出推进交通安全管理的对策建议.