借助某高等院校的学生数据，利用多层次模型，证明宿舍同伴、班级同伴的学习能力对于个人学习成绩存在稳定且较强的因果效应。研究发现，在我国，班级群体大于宿舍群体对大学生学习成绩的影响，这种影响几乎接近甚至超过个体学习能力的影响。此外，同伴影响的性别差异显著：宿舍同伴的影响，女生大于男生；班级同伴的影响，男生大于女生。最后，不同能力个体受同伴影响的作用也是不同的：学习能力较高和居中的学生，其成绩受同伴影响显著；学习能力较低的学生，其成绩不受任何同伴影响。%Capitalizing on rich data from a university in Western China,the author reports the esti-mates from multilevel models to demonstrate the causal effects of peer influence on students’academic performance.This study obtains the following results.First,classmates are found to have stronger o-verall effects on academic performance than do roommates,and their effects seem also to exceed those of study abilities,as measured by college entrance examination scores.Second,there is a consistent gender difference in peer effects:while roommate effects are greater for females than for males, classmate effects are greater for males than for females.Finally,peer effects vary significantly among students with different academic abilities:peer effects are significant for high- and medium-achievers but not significant for low-achievers.
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