制种是杂交水稻生产过程的重要组成部分,授粉是制种的关键环节,对杂交水稻制种的产量和效益有明显影响.研究国内外杂交水稻授粉技术与装备的现状表明目前所采用的授粉机械依据工作原理的不同有碰撞式和气力式二种.通过分析二种授粉装备的工作原理,总结出它们的特点和存在的不足.现用的授粉装备存在授粉不匀、损伤植株等问题,对授粉效果带有一定的盲目性和随机性.杂交水稻授粉应向机械化、多用途化综合发展,提出了探索不同机械授粉方式的科学性、研究不同机械授粉方式的适应性、寻求合理的工作参数、确保安全隔离防止生物学混杂和开发适用的授粉机械的对策和建议.%Breeding is an important process of hybrid rice production. Pollination is the key link of breeding, which effect the production and economical efficiency obviously. The status of pollination equipments and technologies at home and abroad were reviewed. There were two types of pollination techniques with collision type and slipstream type based on the working principle, the features and the shortcomings of which were summarized. The problems of pollination equipment, such as pollination nonuniformity, plant scathing, resulted into pollinating blindly and randomly. Hybrid rice production should be oriented toward mechanization and multifunction. The strategies of different kinds of pollinating scientifically and applicatively, and the methods of obtaining reasonable working parameters and avoiding interbreeding and developing applicable pollination machines were explored.
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