"Tourism World"is a proposition to which Chinese scholars have given important significance and from which they've drawn systematic results,due to the fact that the main features of tourism activities and subject behaviours are both concentrated in the field of the tourism world. Following this line of thought, and with the aim to further deepen the propositions with concern to research on the world of tourism, we first suggest to regard this assertion from a subjective point of view, as a way of self-construction by means of the personal experience of the tourist. Applying phenomenology and ethnographic research methods and, based on the perceptive intentions of phenomenological concepts,we have researched the diachronic and synchronic construction process of the tourism world in the following way. Ⅰ. From the diachronic perspective: 1)At the planning stage before travelling, a pre-conceived idea of the tourism world makes the individual create an unnatural structure due to the intentional and unintentional enrichment concepts of social constructs; the intentional social constructs often stem from the image and publicity carried out for commercial purposes by the tourism enterprises or by local governments, whereas unintentional social constructs refer to the regular educational and social interactions which configurate the world of tourism, and which do not necessarily stem from a commercial purpose.2)At the travelling stage,the individual is on the enrichment phase, for the formerly empty meaning of the world of tourism builds itself upon perception, creating an experience which can be divided into three categories depending on the relationship between perception enrichment and meaning or, in other words: perception can meet, surpass or fall short of expectation.On the first case,there is a perfect match between perception and expectation;on the second case,perception goes beyond expectation,which falls into the realm of the surprise and the unexpected; and on the third case, perception falls short of expectation, which generally leads to disappointment and even overwhelmingness.3)Finally,at the after-travelling stage, the individual remembers and tells about the world of tourism. Memory presents itself with an unleashed consciousness power, whereas the mingled formulation of individual personal experiences gives birth to vivid and intuitive features. Ⅱ. From the synchronic perspective, research can be conducted from the very three pillars which compose the main structure of the tourism world,namely:the natural landscape,the cultural landscape and inter-subjectivity.The natural landscape in the tourism world is constructed through the apperception of free intentionality towards mixed emotions; the cultural landscape is constructed by integrating the external emotions with the perception of inner understanding to the enrichment of tourism intentionality;and inter-subjectivity is constructed through the factual perception of an abstract concept enriched by real-time observation and communication.Ⅲ. Structural research highlights the non-utilitarian features of the tourism world and shrouds tourism activities under free intentionality. Given that the construction process of the tourism world is somewhat closer to aesthetics,its most prominent and unique feature is this free intentionality,capable of merging itself into the very experience. In other words, tourists do not only experience certain symbolic landscapes (this is, of course, an important purpose for the tourist) but, more accurately speaking, they construct their own tourism world out of their own direct experience: a spatial and temporal individual consciousness which can be recreated, remembered and vividly communicated to others. Following this line of thought, this theory has a"symbol collection"reference value for semiology for, as this paper argues, the theoretical basis of tourism related research may be more suitable to research human instinctual yearning regarding perceptual enrichment.%为深化旅游世界研究命题,建议从主观视角出发将其视为游客通过切身体验产生的自我构造.运用现象学和民族志研究方法,基于感性实事对意向充实的现象学直观理念,该文研究了旅游世界的历时与共时构造过程.(1)从历时性角度来看:游前处于前构型阶段,旅游世界的预先构想在有意与无意的社会建构材料充实下达到非本真构造;游中处于当下充实阶段,旅游世界的空乏意指在感性实事的相即充实中当下构造,可分为感性实事符合意指、超出意指、未达到意指3种表现;游后处于旅游世界的回忆与表述阶段,当下化的回忆凸显了自由的意识权能性,糅和切身体验的表述则具有生动和贴近直观的特质.(2)从共时性角度来看:旅游世界中的自然景观通过自由意向性对纷杂感觉材料的统觉而构造;文化景观通过融合外在形式感觉与内在含义理解的感性材料对旅游意向性的充实而构造;主体间性通过抽象理念型被旅游中即时观察交流的感性实事所充实而构造.(3)构造研究凸显了旅游世界的非功利化特点,它使得旅游活动笼罩在自由意向性之下.该理论对旅游符号学也具有借鉴价值,相对于"符号搜集"观点,该文认为人类对感性充实意指的本能渴望可能更适合作为旅游相关研究的理论基点.
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